Excavations of the Roman Baths

Excavations of the Roman Baths (c. 1878–1883)
United Kingdom
United Kingdom › England › Somerset › Bath

This fascinating photograph captures the excavation of the Roman Baths in the city of Bath during the late nineteenth century, a project that helped reveal one of the most important archaeological sites in Northern Europe.

The work was led by Major Charles Edward Davis, the city’s surveyor and architect, who played a key role in uncovering the Roman remains hidden beneath the modern town. In 1878, while investigating a leak in the nearby King’s Bath, Davis decided to examine the surrounding ground. During this inspection he discovered Roman tiles, lead piping, and fragments of pottery, clear evidence that substantial ancient structures lay buried below.

Over the following years, systematic excavations gradually exposed the monumental Great Bath, which had been concealed for centuries beneath later buildings. The process was complex, as many houses and structures had been constructed directly above the Roman remains. Eventually, the city authorities purchased these buildings and demolished them so the excavation could continue.

By 1883, the Great Bath had been fully cleared and opened to visitors. Interest in the discovery was immediate: in its first year alone the site attracted more than 10,000 visitors, and archaeological work continued to reveal additional features.

In 1895, Major Davis also uncovered much of the Temple Precinct, including parts of the sacrificial altar and the main entrance to the temple complex, although the full historical significance of these finds would only become clear later.

Today, the Roman Baths of Bath remain one of Britain’s most celebrated historic landmarks, preserving the remarkable legacy of the Roman spa built nearly two thousand years ago.

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