Friedrich Nietzsche

1861

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, poet, and philologist, known for his influential ideas on existentialism, nihilism, and the nature of human existence. Born in Röcken, Germany, Nietzsche was raised in a religious household and initially pursued a career in theology and philology, but his philosophical work ultimately diverged from these fields.

Nietzsche is best known for his critiques of traditional morality, religion, and philosophy. His concept of the "Übermensch" (Overman) challenged the idea of absolute values, encouraging individuals to embrace personal growth and self-overcoming. His declaration that "God is dead" reflected his belief that traditional religious beliefs were losing their power in modern society.

Nietzsche's works, including *Thus Spoke Zarathustra*, *Beyond Good and Evil*, and *The Birth of Tragedy*, continue to have a profound influence on philosophy, literature, psychology, and the arts. Despite facing personal and professional struggles, including mental illness later in life, Nietzsche's writings remain a cornerstone of modern philosophical thought. He passed away in 1900 after suffering from a mental breakdown.